The Hebrew language uses a different alphabet than English. Hebrew is written from right to left, rather than left to right as in English. Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet and Tav is the last. The Hebrew alphabet is often called the "alefbet," because of its first two letters. The process of writing Hebrew words into English is known as transliteration. Transliteration is more an art than a science, and opinions on the correct way to transliterate words vary widely. Because of this there are more than one correct way to spell words. For example: In Hebrew, Chet-Nun-Kaf-He is spelled Chanukah, Chanukkah, Hanuka, and many other interesting ways. Each spelling has a legitimate phonetic and orthographic basis; none is right or wrong. Also see our Hebrew/Yiddish Glossary
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The Tanakh
Torah The Five Books of Moses
English | Translation | |
| Beresheet | Genesis | In The Beginning |
| Sh'mot | Exodus | Names |
| Vayikra | Leviticus | And He Called |
| B'midbar | Numbers | In The Wilderness |
| D'varim | Deuteronomy | Words or Things |
Nevi'im The Prophets
Nevi'im Acharonim Later Prophets
| Yesha'Yahu | Isaiah | Salvation of Yah |
| Yirmeyahu | Jeremiah | Yah lifts up |
| Yechezk'el | Ezekiel | Elohim Strengthens |
Shneim-'Asar The Twelve
| Hoshea | Hosea | Yah Save |
| Yo'el | Joel | Yah is Elohim |
| 'Amos | Amos | Burden Bearer |
| 'Ovadyah | Obadiah | Servant of Yah |
| Yonah | Jonah | Dove |
| Mikhah | Micah | Who is like Yah? |
| Nachum | Nahum | Comforter |
| Havakuk | Habakkuk | Embracer |
| Tz'fanyah | Zephaniah | Yah hides |
| Hagai | Haggai | My Feast |
| Z'kharyah | Zechariah | Yah remembers |
| Mal'akhi | Malachi | My Messenger |
The Five Megillot Scrolls
| Shir-HaShirim | Song of Solomon | The Song of Songs |
| Rut | Ruth | Chained or Welded |
| Eikhah | Lamentations | How?! |
| Kohelet | Ecclesiastes | The Preacher |
| Hadasah | Esther (a Star) | Myrtle Tree |
| Dani'el | Daniel | Elohim is My Judge |
| 'Ezra | Ezra | Help |
| Nechemyah | Nehemiah | Yah Comforts |
| Divrei-HaYamim Alef | 1 Chronicles** | Word of the Ages - [one] |
| Divrei-HaYamim Bet | 2 Chronicles | Word of the Ages - [two] |
**The breaking of the books Sh'mu'el (Samuel), M'lakhim (Kings) and Divrei-HaYamim (Chronicles) into two parts was done during medieval times merely because they were too big to be issued as single volumes. The division of the Tanakh into chapters was also done at this time as a referencing tool. |
Apocrypha
| APOCRYPHA: (Greek: apokryphos,"hidden"), This is a word that was coined by the 5th-century biblical scholar Saint Jerome for the books received by the church of his time as part of the Greek version of the Old Testament (the "Septuagint"). They were not, however, included in the HEBREW Bible. In most Bibles-including the "Authorized," or "King James Version"-these books are printed as either an appendix, or, are omitted altogether. Non-Hellenistic Jews did not consider them authoritative or equal to Scripture; nor do Protestants. The APOCRYPHA includes: · JUDITH · THE WISDOM OF SOLOMON · TOBIT · SIRACH (Ecclesiasticus) · BARUCH · FIRST AND SECOND MACCABEES. Also generally included with the Apocrypha are: · FIRST AND SECOND ESDRAS · additions to THE BOOK OF ESTHER (Esther 10:4-10) · THE SONG OF THE THREE YOUNG MEN (Daniel 3:24-90) · SUSANNA (Daniel 13), · BEL AND THE DRAGON (Daniel 14) · And THE PRAYER OF MANASSEH. Of these, Judith and Tobit are best characterized as edifying historical fiction; BARUCH, as an extension to the Book of Jeremiah; written by Jeremiah's secretary. WISDOM and SIRACH are testimonies to the wisdom tradition of Israel otherwise represented in the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes. The books of MACCABEES are historical works similar to the books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles. Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians still follow the Septuagint and include all the Apocrypha in the canon of their Bible; with the exception of the two books of ESDRAS and THE PRAYER OF MANASSEH. They generally refer to the Protestant Apocrypha as deuterocanonical books, however, and reserve the term Apocrypha for those books entirely outside the biblical canon, which Protestants call the pseudepigrapha. With the growth of a historical perspective in biblical studies during the 19th century, the value of the APOCRYPHA as historical sources began to be recognized. Covering a period from about 300BC to reNewed Covenant times, the Apocrypha sheds valuable light on the period between the end of the Old Covenant narrative and the opening of the reNewed Covenant. They also provide important information on the development of belief in the resurrection, immortality, and other questions of eschatology [end time events], as well as revealing the increasing impact Hellenism [Greek ideas] had on Judaism. |
The Re-Newed Covenant
| There are two words to say "new" in Greek: neos and kainen; neos is what we usually understand as "new"; kainen, however, means "renewed"; for instance, the "new" moon which appears every month is not actually a new moon, but the same, albeit a renewed moon. This is the meaning of the word which appears every time the Renewed Covenant has been translated as "New Testament," i.e., the Renewed Covenant; ditto with the Renewed Jerusalem/"the new Jerusalem," the renewed man/"the new man" of Eph. 2:15, etc. The Hebrew word from which this originally derives, Hadashah, with its feminine ending, also means "renewed," thus: Brit Ha Hadashah, the Renewed Covenant of which Jer. 31:31 speaks about. |
| Mattityahu | Matthew | Gift of Yah |
| Makabi (Yochanan) | Mark (John) | The Hammer (Yah enables) |
| Ur | Luke | Light |
| Yochanan | John | Yah enables |
Acts of Emmissaries of Yahshua the Messiah
| P'yilut HaShaliachim | Acts of the Apostles | Activity of the Sent Ones |
Letters/Epistles
Sha'ul's (Paul's) letters to communities
| No Hebrew | Romans |
| No Hebrew | 1 Corinthians |
| No Hebrew | 2 Corinthians |
| No Hebrew | Galatians |
| No Hebrew | Ephesians |
| No Hebrew | Philippians |
| No Hebrew | Colossians |
| No Hebrew | 1 Thessalonians |
| No Hebrew | 2 Thessalonians |
Sha'ul's (Paul's) Pastoral letters (to individuals)
| Timotiyos Aleph | 1 Timothy | Honored of Elohim [one] |
| Timotiyos Bet | 2 Timothy | Honored of Elohim [two] |
| Titos | Titus | Pleasing |
| No Hebrew | Philemon |
General Letters
*NOTE: The English name, "James," is presumably translated from the Greek name, "Iakobos." Many, however, suspect that the early translators of our English Bible used the name "James" in honor of King "James." This is believed because the Greek Iakobos, more closely corresponds to the Hebrew name "Yaakob" (Eng. "Jacob") not "James." |
The Revelation of Yahshua the Messiah to Yochanan (John)
HaGilu Natan Yahshua | Revelation | "The Revelation Given of Yahshua" |
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