Think out / Considere cuidadosamente

 

"For Elohim so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life" "Porque Elohim amou o mundo de tal maneira que deu o seu Filho unigênito, para que todo aquele que nele crê não pereça, mas tenha a vida eterna" (John 3:16). "For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Messiah: for it is the power of Elohim unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek" ; "Porque não me envergonho do evangelho do Messias, pois é o poder de Elohim para salvação de todo aquele que crê; primeiro do judeu, e também do grego".(Romans 1:16). "But Elohim commendeth His love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Messiah died for us" ; "Mas Elohim prova o seu amor para conosco, em que o Messias morreu por nós, sendo nós ainda pecadores." (Romans 5:8). "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Adon Yeshua, and shalt believe in thine heart that Elohim hath raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same ADONAI over all is rich unto all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call upon the name of the ADONAI shall be saved. " ; "A saber: Se com a tua boca confessares a ADON Yeshua, e em teu coração creres que Elohim o ressuscitou dentre os mortos, serás salvo. Visto que com o coração se crê para a justiça, e com a boca se faz confissão para a salvação. Porque a Escritura diz: Todo aquele que nele crer não será confundido. Porquanto não há diferença entre judeu e grego; porque um mesmo é o ADONAI de todos, rico para com todos os que o invocam. Porque todo aquele que invocar o nome de ADONAI será salvo." (Romans 10:9-13). "...Elohim hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son." ; "E o testemunho é este: que Elohim nos deu a vida eterna; e esta vida está em seu Filho".(I John 5:11). "He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of Elohim hath not life." ; "Quem tem o Filho tem a vida; quem não tem o Filho de Elohim não tem a vida". (I John 5:12). For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of Elohim is eternal life through Yeshua HaMashiach Adoneinu" ; "Porque o salário do pecado é a morte, mas o dom gratuito de Deus é a vida eterna, por Yeshua HaMashiach nosso Senhor".(Romans 6:23).

Jewish Holiday Calendar 5770 - 5771 (2010 - 2011)

Hebrew for Christians BS''D
Rosh Hashanah and Yom Teru'ah

Rosh Hashanah -

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Awakening to Judgment

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The Days of Awe - Yamim Nora'imClick for ElulClick for Tzom GedaliahRosh HaShanahClick for Yom Kippur

In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation. - Lev 23:24

Rosh Hashanah - The Jewish New Year

In traditional Judaism, Rosh Hashanah (literally "the head of the year") is celebrated as Jewish New Years Day. The holiday is observed on the first two days of the Hebrew month of Tishri (i.e., the seventh "new moon"of the year), which usually falls in September or October, and marks the beginning of a ten-day period of prayer, self-examination and repentance (aseret yemei teshuvah), which culminates on the fast day of Yom Kippur. These ten days are referred to as Yamim Norai'm, the "Days of Awe" or the High Holy Days. Rosh Hashanah also commemorates the creation of the universe (בְּרִיאַת הָעוֹלָם) by God.

Karl Jakob Hirsch (detail)

Rosh Hashanah Seder Guide!

Elul and Selichot On the week before Rosh Hashanah, at the end of the month of Elul, the atmosphere of repentance is intensified by the addition of selichot. Selichot are special prayers for forgiveness recited in the early hours of the morning at the synagogue. The addition of selichot helps prepare us for the coming days of reflection and self-examination. On the day before Rosh Hashanah, called Erev Rosh Hashanah, Orthodox men will undergo a mikveh (ritual bath). The parokhet (ark cover) in the synagogue is changed to a plain white cloth, indicating purity. It is traditional at this time to greet one another with L'Shanah Tovah Tikatevu! ("May you be inscribed (in the Book of Life) for a good year!") and to respond with gam lekha (same to you):

Rosh Hashanah is also known as Yom Teru'ah, the "Feast of Trumpets" (the name was changed during Talmudic times, see below). Tradition stated that the universe was created by the LORD on Rosh Hashanah (or on Elul 25, so that Rosh Hashanah marks the sixth day of creation, when the LORD created Adam and Eve). Note that Rosh Hashanah is also called "Yom ha-Zikaron," the "Day of Remembrance" (Lev. 23:24) in reference to the commandment to remember to blow the shofar (teruah) to coronate God as King of the Universe. The blast of the shofar is meant to jolt us from our sleep. We are to remember who we really are by remembering that the LORD is our King.

The Liturgy and the Theme of Rosh Hashanah

According to Jewish tradition, on Rosh Hashanah the destiny of the righteous, the tzaddikim, are written in the Book of Life, and the destiny of the wicked, the resha'im, are written in the Book of Death. However, many people (perhaps most people) will not be inscribed in either book, but have ten days -- until Yom Kippur -- to repent before sealing their fate. Hence the term Aseret Yemei Teshuvah - the Ten Days of Repentance. On Yom Kippur, then, everyone's name will be sealed in one of the two books. Consequently, many synagogue prayers are invocations to be made worthy to be written in the Book of Life. Sermons about the need for repentance and the themes of God's judgment are often delivered during this time. The Kingship of God is stressed throughout the services as well.

Torah Readings for Rosh Hashanah

Yom Tov

Torah Reading

Haftarah

Brit Chadashah

Rosh Hashanah Day 1

Genesis 21:1-34; Numbers 29:1-6

1 Samuel 1:1-2:10

1 Thess 4:13-18; 1 Cor 15:51-54

Rosh Hashanah Day 2

Genesis 22:1-22:24; Numbers 29:1-6

Jeremiah 31:1-19

1 Thess 4:13-18; 1 Cor 15:51-54

The Torah portion for the first day of Rosh HaShanah is about the birth of Issac, and the portion for the second day is on the Akedah, or the binding of Issac. The Musaf (additional service) includes extra benedictions added to the normal Amidah, emphasizing God's Kingship, the remembrance of our days, and the call of the shofar to usher in the Messianic Kingdom at the end of days.

Sounding the Shofar

The shofar (ram's horn) is the most-mentioned musical instrument in the Scriptures. It is blasted at least 100 times during a typical Rosh Hashanah service, thus satisfying the commandment to make Teru'ah ("noise") on this day. (There is a "darker" tradition that says the 100 blasts symbolize the the number of letters in Sisera's mother's lament for her son as recorded in the "Song of Deborah" (Judges 5:28). According to some of the rabbis, it is suggested that sounding the 100 blasts "nullifies" all of the letters corresponding to her thoughts but one -- the sorrow of a grieving mother.) The sound of the shofar, then, is meant to stir the heart to fear and to inspire teshuvah (repentance): "When the shofar is blown in the city, don't the people tremble?" (Amos 3:6). There are four primary types of shofar blasts:

  1. Tekiah (תְּקִיעָה) - A long single blast (the sound of the King's coronation)
  2. Shevarim (שְׁבָרִים) - Three short wail-like blasts (signifying repentance)
  3. Teru'ah (תְּרוּעָה) - Nine staccato blasts of alarm (to awaken the soul)
  4. Tekiah ha-Gadol (תְּקִיעָה הַגָּדוֹל) - A great long blast (for as long as you can blow!)

The general custom is to first blow tekiah, followed by shevarim, followed by teruah, and to close with tekiah hagadol:

Listen to the shofar

The order of the blasts may vary according to various Jewish custom, and they may be heard at different points in the Rosh HaShanah service (for example, at the start of the service, after the Torah reading, after reading parts of the Amidah blessings, etc.) If Rosh Hashanah happens to fall on a Shabbat, no shofar blasts will be heard (since carrying a shofar is considered work) but the shofar will be sounded on the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah (this holiday, like most Jewish holidays, lasts for two days because of the difficulty of determining the exact time of the new moon). An expert in blowing the shofar is called baal tekiah, by the way.

Minhagim (Customs) of Rosh Hashanah

Special customs (minhagim) observed on Rosh Hashanah include:

  1. Candle lighting and kiddush - As with all the Jewish holidays, candles are lit just before the start of the holiday. Kiddush is also said over the wine.
  2. Dipping apples (or challah) in honey before eating the holiday meal offers up the wish for a "sweet year" ahead.
  3. Apples and Honey

  4. Round challah loaves are shaped like crowns to suggest the Kingship of God and as a reminder of the crown of righteousness that comes to those who obey the LORD. Often these loaves are sweetened with honey and raisons.
  5. Tashlikh - On Tishri 1, during the afternoon, many Jews perform the ritual of "tashlikh," or "casting off," a ceremony in which Jews symbolically cast their sins into a body of water. We walk to flowing water, such as a creek or river, and empty our pockets into the river, symbolically casting off our sins. Often Michah 7:18-20, Psalm 118:5-9, and Psalms 33 and 130 are recited during the Tashlikh ceremony.

"He will again have compassion on us; he will tread our iniquities under foot. You will cast (tashlikh) all our sins into the depths of the sea."

Tashlich Ceremony

The Ten Days of Repentance

As mentioned above, most people are neither entirely righteous (tzaddikim) nor entirely wicked (resha'im) on the day of Rosh Hashanah. The Aseret Yemei Teshuvah, or Ten Days of Repentance, provide a time for us to repent and turn whole-heartedly to the LORD in order to be sealed into the Book of Life. These days set the tone for the coming most holy Day of Atonement. Teshuvah, Tehillah, and Tzedakah - repentance, prayer, and charity - these are the spiritual virtues of the High Holidays, and the mood of the Tashlikh ceremony is based upon their heightened observance.

Yom Teruah or Rosh Hashanah?

In the Torah, the first day of the seventh month is to be commemorated as Yom Teruah (יוֹם תְּרוּעָה), sometimes translated as the "Feast of Trumpets" (Num. 29:1, Lev. 23:24). The word teruah means "shouting" or "raising a noise," and therefore this day was to be marked by making a joyful noise unto the LORD (Psalm 81:1-4). Of all the moedim (holidays), Yom Teruah is unique because 1) it's the only holiday that begins on a New Moon and 2) there is no explicit reason given in the Torah for its observance other than to "rest" and to offer sacrifice (Num. 29:1, Lev. 23:24). After the Second Temple was destroyed in 70 AD, however, the sages of the Mishnah redefined Judaism and associated Yom Teruah with the start of the Jewish civil year. Yom Teruah then became known as "Rosh Hashanah" (the head of the year). Trumpets and Shofars Silver trumpets (חֲצוֹצְרת, cha-tzotz-rot) were originally used to signal camp movements during the journey to the Promised Land (Num. 10:1-2). Later they were used by the Levites during various Temple rituals, especially during the offering of animal sacrifices (Num. 10:10). They were also sometimes used in times of warfare (Num. 10:9; 31:6; 2 Chr. 13:12-14). These silver trumpets are to be distinguished from the ram's horn trumpet (שׁוֹפָר, shofar) that was explicitly commanded to be sounded during Yom Kippur (Lev. 25:9) and during the Yovel (Jubilee Year). The common consensus among the sages was that the shofar, not the silver trumpet, was likewise used for Yom Teruah (Mishnah: Rosh Hashana 16a, 3:3). The shofar was a reminder of the exchange of the divinely provided ram as ransom for Isaac's life (the Akedah) and of the giving of the Torah to Israel at Sinai (Exod. 19:16). Coming Judgment...

According to later rabbinical tradition, on Rosh Hashanah the destiny of the righteous, the tzaddikim, are written in the Book of Life, and the destiny of the wicked, the resha'im, are written in the Book of Death. Most people, however, won't be inscribed in either book, but are given ten days -- until Yom Kippur -- to repent before sealing their fate. On Yom Kippur, then, everyone's name will be sealed in one of the two books. The ten days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are therefore called Aseret Yemei Teshuvah - the "Ten Days of Repentance" - because personal repentance can affect the divine decree for good.... As Messianic believers, we maintain that Judgment Day has come and justice was served through the sacrificial offering of Yeshua for our sins (2 Cor. 5:21). He is the perfect fulfillment of the Akedah of Isaac. Our names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life, or Sefer HaChayim (Rev. 13:8). We do not believe that we are made acceptable in God's sight by means of our own works of righteousness (Titus 3:5-6), but that does not excuse us from being without such works (as fruit of the Holy Spirit in our lives). The Scriptures clearly warn that on the Day of Judgment to come, anyone's name not found written in the Book of Life will be thrown into the lake of fire (Rev. 20:15). Yom Adonai - the Day of the LORD The Spring Festivals (Passover, Firstfruits, and Shavuot) have been perfectly fulfilled in the first coming of Yeshua as Mashiach ben Yosef, and the Fall Festivals (Teruah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot) will be fulfilled in His second coming as Mashiach ben David. Since the first advent fulfilled all of the spring mo'edim to the smallest of details, we believe that His second advent portends similar fulfillment as revealed in the fall mo'edim. After the summer of harvest (John 4:35), the very first Fall festival on the Jewish calendar is Yom Teruah, which is a picture of the "catching away" of kallat Mashiach (the Bride of Christ) for the time of Sheva Berachot (seven "days" of blessing that follows the marriage ceremony). Then will come the Great Tribulation and Yom Adonai - the Day of the LORD (יוֹם יְהוָה). The heavenly shofar blasts heard at Sinai will be reissued from Zion. First will be the gathering together of those who follow the Mashiach (i.e., those declared tzaddikim because of the merit of Yeshua's sacrifice), and then God's war against Satan and the world system will begin, culminating in the long-awaited coronation of the King of King of Kings - Melech Malchei Ha-Melachim (מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים). Rosh Hashanah (or better, Yom Teruah) is therefore a sacred time that has prophetic significance for the Messianic believer, since it commemorates both the creation of the universe by Adonai as well as the "calling up" of the new creation at the behest of Yeshua, when the sound of the heavenly shofar inaugurates the anticipated End of Days (1 Cor 15:51-54; 1 Thessalonians 4:15-18). It also prefigures the coming Day of the LORD and Great Tribulation period that marks God's judgment on an unbelieving world... With the appearance of the Great King comes great judgment. Let's be ready to appear before this awesome King, chaverim, by turning to Him now and trusting in His redemption and love for us...

God is King over all the Earth

The Mishnah (Sanhedrin 38b) states that Adam and Chavah were created on Rosh Hashanah (i.e., Tishri 1). But how did the sages determine this date? By transposing the Hebrew letters of the very first word of the Hebrew Scriptures: In other words, by rearranging the letters of the word bereshit ("in the beginning"), the phrase aleph b'Tishri ("on the 1st of Tishri") was formed, and therefore this date became associated with the anniversary of creation (or rather, the creation from Adam's perspective, i.e., the sixth day). Rosh Hashanah therefore represents the day that God began to rule as King of the Universe. When Adam first opened his eyes and human consciousness was born, he immediately understood that the LORD created all things, including himself. According to midrash, Adam's first words were, "The LORD is King for ever and ever." God then said, "Now the whole world will know that I am King," and He was very pleased. The birthday of humanity is therefore the Coronation Day for the King of the Universe. Psalm 47 celebrates the Kingship of God that mentions the "shout" (teruah) and shofar blast of God's coronation:

The sound of the shofar is meant to awaken our consciousness that the LORD is King of the Universe. "How blessed are the people who know the joyful sound (teruah), O LORD; they walk in the light of Your Presence" (Psalm 89:15).

The Christian and Rosh Hashanah

There are many things the Christian can learn from the Jewish observance of Yamin Nora'im and Rosh Hashanah that are helpful in our walk as talmidim (followers, students) of the Mashiach Yeshua:

First, the LORD God is indeed the King of all the earth, our Creator and Redeemer. He is Melech Gadol al-kol-ha'aretz, (מֶלֶךְ גָּדוֹל עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ), a "great King over all the earth" (Psalm 47:2). Though Christians should acknowledge His righteous rule and Kingship at all times, Rosh Hashanah is a "sanctified reminder" of God's creative authority in our lives. Yeshua (Jesus) is called the Mashiach (מָשִׁיחַ), a term that denotes His Kingly dignity and royalty. He is also the Creator and Sustainer of all creation (Col. 1:16). He is coming to rule and reign from Jerusalem (Zion) in the near future. Christians will be judged according to their deeds of service (2 Cor. 5:10) and the world system (and Satan) will be judged during the Great Tribulation period that precedes the Second Coming. Just as the heavenly shofar was sounded from Sinai, so it will be one day sounded from Zion (Isa. 27:13). As the only true King and Judge, God indeed has a Sefer HaChayim (Book of Life) as well as a Sefer Ha-Metim (Book of Death). The Scriptures clearly warn that on the Day of Judgment to come, anyone's name not found written in the Book of Life will be thrown into the lake of fire (Rev. 20:15). Second, the month of Elul and the preparation for Rosh Hashanah reminds us to be ready for the soon appearance of King Yeshua our LORD. Though we do not know the exact day or hour of His return to possess His kingdom on earth, we are commanded to watch and be ready for His soon appearance. We ought, therefore, be in a constant state of repentance (teshuvah) as we seek to humble ourselves and walk with our God. The New Testament links teshuvah with salvation (יְשׁוּעָה) itself. Yeshua's first message was "Repent and believe the gospel (בְּשׂוֹרָה)" (Mark 1:15), and Paul linked teshuvah with confession and trust in the saving work of the Messiah on our behalf (Rom. 10:8-13). Teshuvah implies a response to the Person of Yeshua that is demonstrated through confession that He is none other than YHVH, the LORD of Compassion and grace. The sound of the shofar is meant to awaken our hearts and to prepare for coming judgment. Third, Rosh Hashanah itself, or rather Yom Teru'ah, has prophetic significance in the life of the Christian. The blowing of the shofar is prophetic of the rapture of the church, where those who are part of the Bride of Mashiach, the church, will experience everlasting transformation:

    "Behold, I show you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet (shofar): for the trumpet (shofar) shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed." (1 Corinthians 15:51)

The Talmud states that on Rosh Hashanah the dead will be raised (Rosh Hashanah 16b). This corresponds to the "last trump" mentioned by the Apostle Paul (1 Cor. 15:52).

Fourth, the Tashlikh ceremony reminds us that our LORD is a God of new beginnings, and even if we have sinned and fallen away from Him, He is faithful to restore us and cast our sins away from us. After all, God sent His only Son Yeshua to be our Sin-Bearer and Kapparah, so we can take comfort in His forgiveness when we earnestly seek to repent from the harm we have done and begin anew with God. Fifth, we should be grateful to the LORD for writing our names in the Lamb's Book of Life, or Sefer HaChayim. Of course we do not believe that we are made acceptable in the LORD's eyes by means of our own works of righteousness (Titus 3:5-6), but that does not excuse us from being without such works (as fruit of the Spirit in our daily life). Sixth, the Akedat Yitzchak ("Binding of Isaac") is a major theme on Rosh Hashanah. According to Jewish tradition, God told Abraham that the ram's horn (shofar) should be blown on Rosh Hashanah to remind the people of the substitutionary sacrifice provided by the LORD Himself -- an echo of the First Sacrifice offered in Eden. How much more should we as believers in the greater sacrifice of Yeshua as our Lamb of God celebrate this day? Finally, we anticipate the prophetic fulfillment of the LORD's covenant faithfulness to Israel when we understand that the Yamim Nora'im foreshadow the future repentance of national Israel in the days to come. This pictures the Great Tribulation and Yom Adonai - the Day of the LORD - that arrives just before national Israel's ultimate shuvah (return). Yom Kippur is the Holiday that pictures the full restoration of Israel to all her covenant promises with Yeshua as the recognized Kohen Gadol (High Priest) of the New Covenant. The Brit Chadashah will be embraced and Yeshua will be revealed as Israel's Savior, LORD, and Deliverer. Then "all Israel shall be saved" (Rom. 11:26).

Preparing for Rosh Hashanah

How do we prepare for Rosh Hashanah? Traditionally we prepare through three types of turning: 1) turning to God (tefillah); 2) turning to others we've harmed or offended (teshuvah), and 3) turning to those in need (tzedakah). In all three cases we can genuinely return to God only by choosing to embrace the truth about our lives. Our prayers (tefillot) are offered in the plural, emphasizing that we are all interconnected. This is the idea of kol Yisrael arevim zeh bazeh: "All Israel is responsible for one another" (Talmud Shavuot 39a). We are all one "body" and should one member hurt, we all are diminished (1 Cor. 12:26). Avinu Malkenu - "Our Father, our King..." Our teshuvah means that we honestly examine ourselves and repair any breach we might have created in our relationships (James 5:16). And our tzedakah means that we turn away from ourselves entirely, considering the needs of others and their welfare instead of our own. May it please the LORD to help us all turn to Him for life!

Terms relating to Rosh Hashanah

  1. Elul - The month preceding the month of Tishri and set apart as a season of repentance and preparation for the Days of Awe.
  2. Selichot - Penitential prayers said during the last week of Elul.
  3. Erev Rosh HaShanah - The evening before Rosh Hashanah marked by additional services at the synagogue.
  4. L'Shanah Tovah Tikatevu - This phrase is a customary greeting on the Jewish New Year and means "May you be inscribed (in the Book of Life) for a good year!" and is sometimes shortened to "Shanah Tovah":
  5. Rosh Hashanah - "The Head of the Year." The Jewish New Year. Celebrated on Tishri 1 and 2. According to the Rabbis, there are actually four "New Year's Days" in the Jewish calendar:
    • Nisan 1 - The Biblical New Year, sometimes called New Years Days for kings
    • Elul 1 - The New Years Day for tithes
    • Shevat 15 (Tu B'shevat) - The New Years Day for trees
    • Tishri 1 - The New Years Day for years and the beginning of the Days of Awe
  6. Yom Teru'ah - The "Feast of Trumpets" and progenitor of Rosh Hashanah. Teru'ah means a loud noise either by blowing a shofar (e.g. Lev. 25:9), silver trumpets (Numbers 10:5-6) or by shouting (Psalm 100:1). The purpose of Yom Teru'ah was to shout unto the LORD in prayer -- similar to the idea expressed in the Psalms such as "Shout unto God with a loud voice!" (Psalm 47:2).
  7. Yom Ha-Zikaron - the "Day of Remembrance" (Lev. 23:24) in reference to the commandment to remember to blow the shofar (teruah) to coronate God as King of the Universe. The blast of the shofar is meant to jolt us from our sleep. We are to remember who we really are by remembering that the LORD is our King.
  8. Yom Ha-Din - The "Day of Judgment" when all creatures stand before God. According to rabbinical tradition, on Rosh Hashanah God opens three books. In the first, the righteous are inscribed for life in the coming year; in the second, the wicked are inscribed for death; but in the third, the names of those who are not easily classified (i.e., most people) are temporarily inscribed. These people then have ten days to repent before their fates are sealed on Yom Kippur (Bavli Rosh Hashanah 16b).
  9. Shofar - A ram's horn blown on the Jewish New Year and other special occasions.
  10. Baal Tekiah - One who is expert at sounding the shofar during the Rosh Hashanah services.
  11. Tekiat Shofar - The sounding of the shofar (ram's horn) at the beginning of the New Year services and at the conclusion of the Day of Atonement.
  12. Tashlich - ("casting off") A traditional ceremony in which individuals symbolically cast their sins into a body of water. We walk to flowing water, such as a creek or river, on the afternoon of the first day and empty our pockets into the river, symbolically casting off our sins.
  13. Shabbat Shuvah - The Sabbath that falls during the Ten Days of Repentance, usually observed by listening to sermons about repentance in the synagogue. Shabbat Shuvah is called the "Shabbat of Return" because its special haftarah reading begins with the words Shuvah Yisrael "Return O Israel," from the prophecy of Hosea.
  14. Tzom Gedaliah - the Fast of Gedaliah, one of the minor fast days.
  15. Yamim Nora'im - The Days of Awe or the High Holy Days.
  16. Al Chet - The recitation of sin during the Yom Kippur service. Viduy (confession) is made in the plural ("we have…") enumerating every conceivable sin that may have been committed by the Jewish community. Chet means "missing the mark" and is the general Hebrew term for sin.
  17. Teshuvah - Literally: "returning"; a Hebrew term for repentance.
  18. Machzor - High Holy Day prayer book (like a siddur, but for the High Holidays).
  19. Yom Kippur - The Day of Atonement and Judgment on Tishri 10.
  20. Mechilah - The custom of first asking a wronged person's pardon in order to be forgiven by God on the Day of Atonement.

Traditional Rosh Hashanah Greetings (Unicode Hebrew)

"May you be inscribed and sealed for a good year!"

  • To a man: לשנה טובה תכתב ותחתם - l'shanah tova tikkatev vetechatem
  • To a woman: לשנה טובה תכתבי ותחתמי - l'shanah tova tikkatevi vetechatemi
  • To a mixed group: לשנה טובה תכתבו ותחתמו - l'shanah tova tikkatevu vetechatemu

You might also add: "Immediately, for a good life and for peace."

  • לאלתר לחיים טובים ולשלום - le'altar lechayim tovim ul'shalom

The most common form of Rosh Hashanah greeting is simply: L'Shanah Tovah Tikatevu! ("May you be inscribed (in the Book of Life) for a good year!") and to respond with gam lekha (same to you) or simply gamzu (also to you):

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Jewish Festivals and Fasts

Welcome to the Jewish Calendar here you will be able to find out all calendar information such as times and dates of all Jewish festivals and fasts. Please be aware that many festivals do come in on the evening before the festival start date.
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Yom Hashoah Sun Apr 11th 27 Nisan Sun May 1st 27 Nisan
Yom Hazikaron Sun Apr 18th 4 Iyyar Sun May 8th 4 Iyyar
Yom Ha'atzmaut Mon Apr 19th 5 Iyyar Mon May 9th 5 Iyyar
Lag B'Omer Sun May 2nd 18 Iyyar Sun May 22nd 18 Iyyar
Yom Yerushalayim Wed May 12th 28 Iyyar Wed Jun 1st 28 Iyyar
Shavuot Wed May 19th - Thu May 20th 6 Sivan - 7 Sivan Wed Jun 8th - Thu Jun 9th 6 Sivan - 7 Sivan
Fast of Tammuz Tue Jun 29th 17 Tammuz Tue Jul 19th 17 Tammuz
Tisha B'Av Tue Jul 20th 9 Av Tue Aug 9th 9 Av
Rosh Hashanah Thu Sep 9th - Fri Sep 10th 1 Tishri - 2 Tishri Thu Sep 29th - Fri Sep 30th 1 Tishri - 2 Tishri
Fast of Gedalliah Sat Sep 11th 3 Tishri Sat Oct 1st 3 Tishri
Yom Kippur Sat Sep 18th 10 Tishri Sat Oct 8th 10 Tishri
Succot Thu Sep 23rd - Wed Sep 29th 15 Tishri - 21 Tishri Thu Oct 13th - Wed Oct 19th 15 Tishri - 21 Tishri
Hoshannah Rabbah Wed Sep 29th 21 Tishri Wed Oct 19th 21 Tishri
Shemini Atzeret Thu Sep 30th 22 Tishri Thu Oct 20th 22 Tishri
Simchat Torah Fri Oct 1st 23 Tishri Fri Oct 21st 23 Tishri
Chanukah Thu Dec 2nd - Fri Dec 10th 25 Kislev - 3 Tevet Wed Dec 21st - Thu Dec 29th 25 Kislev - 3 Tevet
Fast of Tevet Fri Dec 17th 10 Tevet Thu Jan 5th 10 Tevet
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Festas Bíblicas
A Bíblia em Bytes online - Festas Bíblicas www.bibliabytes.com.br
CALENDÁRIO DE FESTAS JUDAICAS Ano Judaico 5769 - Ano Cristão 2009 Chanucá - 21-29 de dezembro, 2008 Purim - 10 de março, 2009 Pessach - 9 a 15 de abril, 2009 Shavuot - 29 de maio, 2009 Rosh Hashaná - 19 de setembro 2009 Yom Kipur - 28 de setembro, 2009 Sucot - 3-10 de outubro, 2009 Simcha Torá - 10 de outubro, 2009 Chanucá - 12-19 de dezembro, 2009
Shabat Chanucá Purim Pessach Châmets
Descanso Dedicação Sortes Páscoa Pães Asmos
D'us acaba a obra que fizera e descansa no sétimo dia. A reconsagração do Templo História de Ester conta que o povo Judeu seria externinado Morte do Cordeiro; sangue na verga da porta, saldo do anjo da morte. Ex 12:6-7 Purificação de todo o fermento
D'us cria o dia de Descanso GN 2:2, Ex 31:12-15 2Cr 3-4:22 Livro de Ester 1° mês 14° dia Lv 23:5 1° mês, 15° dia, durante 7 dias Lv 23:6-8
Bicurim Shavuot Teruah Rosh Hashanah, Yom Hippur Sucot
Primícias Pentecostes ou Festa das Semanas Festa das Trombetas Dia da Expiação Dia do perdão Festa de Tabernáculos, festa das cabanas
Movimento das primícias da colheita Molho de oferta movida de dois pães asmos Toque das trombetas(shophar) - santa convocação Naquele dia se fará expiação por vós para purificar-vos Lv 16:30 Celebração da colheita; memorial das tendas no deserto
Dia depois do Sábado Lv 23:9-14 50 dias após a Festa das Primícias Lv 23:15-21 Cl 2:16 7° mês 1° dia Lv 23:23-25 7° mês 10° dia Lv 23:26-32 7° mês, 15° dia, por 7 dias. Oitavo dia santa convocação Lv 23:33-44
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